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AN ICAN LEARNING INITIATIVE ON ELECTRIC AND HYDROGEN ENGINE TECHNOLOGIES
A hydrogen car is a vehicle that uses hydrogen as its fuel for motive power.
A Hydrogen car does not have to be a car, it can be any transportation vehicle that uses hydrogen in a similar way, like an aircraft.
Hydrogen Energy
Hydrogen is the simplest and the most abundant element in the universe. Even though it's simple and there's so much of it, hydrogen does not occur naturally as a gas on the earth: it's always combined with other things. Hydrogen is high in energy, yet an engine that burns pure hydrogen produces almost no pollution.
Advantages
of Hydrogen Energy
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Hydrogen comes from water by splitting it into oxygen and hydrogen, so supplies are almost limitless.
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As hydrogen is a diatomic molecule, the product of combustion is only water. Therefore, it does not produce the harmful gasses that gasoline and diesel cars produce, such as carbon dioxide.
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Hydrogen itself is not poisonous. Therefore, in case of outflow, hydrogen is safer than any other gas.
Disadvantages
of Hydrogen Energy
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It's hard to store the large amount that is required to fuel a car
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Hydrogen is often taken from unrenewable resources, like fossil fuels.
Principles of Hydrogen Powered Engines
What is a fuel cell?
In principle, fuel cells are electrochemical devices like batteries that convert the chemical energy of a fuel directly and very efficiently into electricity (DC) and heat, thus doing away with combustion. Unlike a battery, a fuel cell does not run down or require recharging. It will produce energy in the form of electricity and heat as long as fuel is supplied.
What is the Principle?
A fuel cell consists of two electrodes sandwiched around an electrolyte. Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen over the other, generating electricity water and heat. Layers of materials with distinct electrochemical properties are sandwiched together to form a single galvanic cell. At the heart lies a membrane that can only be crossed by charged molecules. Gas-permeable electrodes coated with a catalyst adhere to this membrane, adding a layer on either side.
There electrodes are in turn connected to a device that can utilize electricity. Hydrogen gas flows into channels on one face of the cell and migrates through that electrode, while the same occurs with oxygen gas along the opposite electrode. Spurred by a catalyst, favorable chemistry causes the hydrogen to oxidize into hydrogen protons and give up its electrons to the neighboring electrode, which thereby becomes the anode. this buildup of negative charge then follows the path of least resistance via the external circuit to the other electrode. It is this flow of electrons through a circuit that creates elecricity.
Problem to Solve by ICAN Students
Most important problem involved in the practical use of hydrogen car is hydrogen storage materials. If it uses a fuel cell that generates electricity through reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, it does not matter. However, if method is that hydrogen is sprayed to internal-combustion engine, it does matter. Now hydrogen storage tank with highest possibility is method using metal hydride. Metal hydride is that reversible reaction between metal and hydrogen make new form of compound.
Now Hydrogen storing technology using Hydrogen storage compound metal comes to practical use step in the side of technical, however, hydrogen storing capacity per weight is no match for demand of user, so this technology does not wide use yet. Therefore, that problem should be solved.
Electric Vehicles (EV)
An electric vehicle ('EV)' is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for propulsion. It can be powered by a collector system, with electricityfrom extravehicular sources, or it can be powered autonomously by a battery (sometimes charged by solar panels, or by converting fuel to electricity using fuel cells or a generator). EVs include, but are not limited to, road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater vessels, electric aircraft and electric spacecraft.
History
Electric motive power started in 1827, when Hungarian priest Ányos Jedlik built the first crude but viable electric motor, provided with stator, rotor and commutator; the next year, he used it to power a tiny car. In 1835, professor Sibrandus Stratingh of the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, built a small-scale electric car, and between 1832 and 1839 (the exact year is uncertain), Robert Anderson of Scotland invented the first crude electric carriage, powered by non-rechargeable primary cells. American blacksmith and inventor Thomas Davenport built a toy electric locomotive, powered by a primitive electric motor, in 1835. In 1838, a Scotsman named Robert Davidson built an electric locomotive that attained a speed of four miles per hour (6 km/h). In England a patent was granted in 1840 for the use of rails as conductors of electric current, and similar American patents were issued to Lilley and Colten in 1847.
Components
The type of battery, the type of traction motor and the motor controller design vary according to the size, power and proposed application, which can be as small as a motorized shopping cart or wheelchair, through pedelecs, electric motorcycles and scooters, neighborhood electric vehicles, industrial fork-lift trucks and including many hybrid vehicles.
Energy sources
EVs are much more efficient than fossil fuel vehicles and have few direct emissions. At the same time, they do rely on electrical energy that is generally provided by a combination of non-fossil fuel plants and fossil fuel plants. Consequently, EVs can be made less polluting overall by modifying the source of electricity. In some areas, persons can ask utilities to provide their electricity from renewable energy.
Fossil fuel vehicle efficiency and pollution standards take years to filter through a nation's fleet of vehicles. New efficiency and pollution standards rely on the purchase of new vehicles, often as the current vehicles already on the road reach their end-of-life. Only a few nations set a retirement age for old vehicles, such as Japan or Singapore, forcing periodic upgrading of all vehicles already on the road.
Batteries
An electric-vehicle battery (EVB) in addition to the traction battery speciality systems used for industrial (or recreational) vehicles, are batteries used to power the propulsion system of a battery electric vehicle (BEVs). These batteries are usually a secondary (rechargeable) battery, and are typically lithium-ion batteries. Traction batteries, specifically designed with a high ampere-hour capacity, are used in forklifts, electric golf carts, riding floor scrubbers, electric motorcycles, electric cars, trucks, vans, and other electric vehicles.
Environmental considerations
Despite one of the goals of electric vehicle adoption being to limit the carbon footprint and pollution caused by internal combustion engine vehicles, a rising concern amongst environmentalists is the manufacturing process of electric vehicle batteries. In current practice, these vehicle batteries rely heavily on the mining industry of rare earth metals such as cobalt, nickel, and copper. According to 2018 study the supplies of mined metals would need to increase 87,000% by 2060 globally for transition to battery-powered EVs. Rare-earth metals (neodymium, dysprosium) and other mined metals (copper, nickel, iron) are used by EV motors, while lithium, cobalt, manganese are used by the batteries.
ICAN Programs integration
ICAN BROADCAST
- Storytelling
- TED
- Speech Power
Like many other ICAN programs, we prioritize the ability of our students to have the foundation in speaking by being good storytellers and public speakers. The core of knowing this can help them enhance their communication skills in order to relay to their audience their discoveries in an organized and confident manner.
ICAN LEARNING TECH
- Memory Palace
- Math Quebon
- Picture Describing
The associated learning tech that ICAN developed for students are crucial in learning and mastering the hydrogen engine subject. Memorization is important as it is loaded with facts. Followed by Math for equations in better understanding the science behind. And lastly, picture describing is for explaining and creating charts and infographics that will further explain the technology.
ICAN NURTURE
- Science Trilogy
- 3D Printer and Design
The core of this subject lies in ICAN Nurture where science trilogy is the primary focus. It is in research and exploration that it is flourishing. 3D Printer and Design is the output and experiments. Prototypes and 3D printed design is next level of learning that only ICAN offers.
ICAN PERSUADE
- Narrative
- Descriptive
- Expository
- Argumentative
- Persuasive
Speech communication in all forms are the advanced fundamental skills that students must possess to encourage viewers and readers to adopt their creations main stream. If students can deliver their speech and writings in proper ways, they can become reliable content creators with the power to inspire and persuade.
Video Gallery
ICAN Premium and EduToSpace are focusing on the scientific and environmental use of this new tech engine for the next habitable planet of humanity. Electronic and hydrogen powered engines are the new way of passing through of environmental crisis on the Earth.
